References

Reviews & Editorials

  1. Van de Putte P, Perlas A. Ultrasound assessment of gastric content and volume. Br.J. Anaesth. 2014 Jul. 113(1): 12-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24893784
  2. Benhamou D. Ultrasound assessment of gastric contents in the perioperative period: why is this not part of our daily practice? Br. J. Anaesth. 2015 Apr;114(4):545-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25354945
  3. Perlas A, Van de Putte P, Van Houwe P, Chan VW. I-AIM framework for point-of-care gastric ultrasound. Br.J Anaesth. 2016 Jan;116(1):7-11.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25951832
  4. Lucas DN, Elton CD.  Through a glass darkly - ultrasound imaging in obstetric anaesthesia.  Anaesthesia. 2016 Jun; 71 (6):617-22. doi: 10.1111/anae.13466.
  5. Van de Putte P, Perlas A. The link between gastric volume and aspiration risk. In search of the Holy Grail? Anaesthesia. 2018 Mar;73(3):274-279. doi: 10.1111/anae.14164.
  6. Perlas A, Arzola C, Van de Putte P. Point-of-care gastric ultrasound and aspiration risk assessment: a narrative review. Can J Anaesth. 2018 Apr;65(4):437-448. doi: 10.1007/s12630-017-1031-9.
  7. Haskins SC, Kruisselbrink R, Boublik J et al. Gastric Ultrasound for the Regional Anesthesiologist and Pain Specialist. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018 Oct;43(7):689-698. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000846.
  8. Zieleskiewicz L, Bouvet L, Einav S et al. Diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound: applications in obstetric anaesthetic management. Anaesthesia. 2018 Oct;73(10):1265-1279. doi: 10.1111/anae.14354.
  9. Charlesworth M, Wiles MD. Pre-operative gastric ultrasound - should we look inside Schrödinger's gut? Anaesthesia. 2019 Jan;74(1):109-112. doi: 10.1111/anae.14516. 
  10. Moake MM, Jackson BF, Presley BC. Point-of-Care ultrasound to assess gastric content. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2019 Nov 13. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001939. 
  11. Gang Z, Xiaoyan H, Yunhua S, Chunqiong L, Lan Z. Ultrasound to guide the individual medical decision by evaluating the gastric contents and risk of aspiration: A literature review. Review Asian J Surg. 2020 Mar 11;S1015-9584(20)30050-6. doi: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2020.02.008. doi: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2020.02.008
  12. Howle R, Sultan P, Shah R, Sceales P, Van de Putte P, Bampoe S. Gastric point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) during pregnancy and the postpartum period: a systematic review. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2020 Nov;44:24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2020.05.005.
  13. Schwarz SKW, Prabhakar C. What to do when perioperative point-of-care ultrasound shows evidence of a full stomach despite fasting? Can J Anaesth. 2020 Jul;67(7):798-805. English. doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01669-6. PMID: 32358766Bouvet L, Zieleskiewicz L, Hamada SR. Point-of-care gastric ultrasound: An essential tool for an individualised management in anaesthesia and critical care. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2021 Dec;40(6):100984. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2021.100984. PMID: 34763143.
  14. Valla FV, Tume LN, Jotterand Chaparro C, Arnold P, Alrayashi W, Morice C, Nabialek T, Rouchaud A, Cercueil E, Bouvet L. Gastric Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Acutely and Critically Ill Children (POCUS-ped): A Scoping Review. Front Pediatr. 2022 Jul 6;10:921863. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.921863. PMID: 35874585; PMCID: PMC9298849.

Adult qualitative content

  1. Sijbrandij LS, Op den Orth JO. Transabdominal ultrasound of the stomach: a pictorial essay. Eur J Radiol. 1991 Sep-Oct; 13 (2): 81-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1743196
  2. Carp H, Jayaram A, Stoll M. Ultrasound examination of the stomach contents of parturients. Anesth Analg. 1992 May; 74 (5):683-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1567035
  3. Jayaram A, Bowen MP, Deshpande S, Carp HM. Ultrasound examination of the stomach contents of women in the postpartum period. Anesth Analg. 1997 Mar; 84 (3):522-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9052294
  4. Jacoby J, Smith G, Eberhardt M, Heller M. Bedside ultrasound to determine prandial status. Am J Emerg Med. 2003 May; 21 (3):216-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12811716
  5. Perlas A, Chan VW, Lupu CM, Mitsakakis N, Hanbidge A. Ultrasound assessment of gastric content and volume. Anesthesiology. 2009 Jul; 111 (1): 82-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19512861
  6. Bouvet L, Miquel A, Chassard D, Boselli E, Allaouiche B, Benhamou D. Could a single standardized ultrasound measurement of antral area be of interest for assessing gastric contents? A preliminary report. European Journal of Anesthesiology 2009; 26:1015-1019. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19707146
  7. Sporea I, Popescu A. Ultrasound examination of the normal gastrointestinal tract. Med Ultrason. 2010 Dec; 12 (4): 349-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21210023
  8. Perlas A, Davis L, Khan M, Mitsakakis N, Chan VW. Gastric sonography in the fasted surgical patient: a prospective descriptive study. Anesth Analg. 2011 Jul;113 (1):93-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596885
  9. Cubillos J, Tse C, Chan VW, Perlas A. Bedside ultrasound assessment of gastric content: an observational study. Can J Anaesth. 2012 Apr; 59(4):416-23.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22215523
  10. Arzola C, Carvalho JC, Cubillos J, Ye XY, Perlas A. Anesthesiologists' learning curves for bedside qualitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content: a cohort study. Can J Anaesth. 2013 Aug; 60(8):771-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23703533
  11. Van de Putte P, Vernieuwe L, Jerjir A, et al. When fasted is not empty: a retrospective cohort study of gastric content in fasted surgical patients.  Br J Anaesth. 2017 Mar; 118 (3): 363-371 doi: 10.1093/bja/aew435.
  12. Bouvet L, Desgranges FP, Aubergy C et al. Prevalence and factors predictive of full stomach in elective and emergency surgical patients: a prospective cohort study.  Br J Anaesth. 2017 Mar; 118 (3): 372-379. doi: 10.1093/bja/aew462.
  13. Van de Putte P, van Hoonacker J, Perlas A. Gastric ultrasound to guide anesthetic management in elective surgical patients non-compliant with fasting instructions: a retrospective cohort study. Minerva Anestesiol. 2018 Jul;84(7):787-795. doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.17.12305-9.
  14. Mackenzie DC, Azad AM, Noble VE et al. Test performance of point-of-care ultrasound for gastric content. Am J Emerg Med. 2019 Jan;37(1):123-126. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.10.045.
  15. Le-Wendling L, Ihnatsenka B, Zasimovich Y et al. Gastric ultrasound: deep inspiration for stomach identification and localization. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019 May 12. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2019-100660. 
  16. Bouvet L, Chassard D. Ultrasound assessment of gastric contents in emergency patients examined in the full supine position: an appropriate composite ultrasound grading scale can finally be proposed. J Clin Monit Comput. 2020 Oct;34(5):865-868. doi: 10.1007/s10877-019-00452-3.  PMID: 31853813.
  17. Bouvet L, Cordoval J, Barnoud S, Berlier J, Desgranges FP, Chassard D. Diagnostic performance of qualitative ultrasound assessment for the interpretation of point-of-care gastric ultrasound to detect high gastric fluid volume: A prospective randomized crossover study. J Clin Anesth. 2022 Oct;81:110919. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110919.  PMID: 35792453.

Adult volume

  1. Fujigaki T, Fukusaki M, Nakamura H, Shibata O, Sumikawa K. Quantitative evaluation of gastric contents using ultrasound. J Clin Anesth. 1993 Nov-Dec; 5 (6): 451-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8123268
  2. Ricci R, Bontempo I, Corazziari E, La Bella A, Torsoli A. Real time ultrasonography of the gastric antrum. Gut 1993 Feb; 34 (2): 173-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8432467
  3. Hveem K, Hausken T, Berstad A. Ultrasonographic assessment of fasting liquid content in the human stomach. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1994 Sep; 29 (9): 786-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824856
  4. Perlas A, Chan VW, Lupu CM, Mitsakakis N, Hanbidge A. Ultrasound assessment of gastric content and volume. Anesthesiology. 2009 Jul; 111 (1): 82-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19512861
  5. Bouvet L, Miquel A, Chassard D, Boselli E, Allaouiche B, Benhamou D. Could a single standardized ultrasound measurement of antral area be of interest for assessing gastric contents? A preliminary report. European Journal of Anesthesiology 2009; 26:1015-1019. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19707146
  6. Bouvet L, Mazoit JX, Chassard D, Allaouchiche B, Boselli E, Benhamou D. Clinical assessment of the ultrasonographic measurement of antral area for estimating preoperative gastric content and volume. Anesthesiology. 2011 May; 114 (5): 1086-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21364462
  7. Perlas A, Mitsakakis N, Liu L, Cino M, Haldipur N, Davis L, Cubillos J, Chan V. Validation of a mathematical model for ultrasound assessment of gastric volume by gastroscopic examination. Anesth Analg. 2013 Feb; 116(2):357-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23302981
  8. Kruisselbrink R, Arzola C, Endersby R, Tse C, Chan V, Perlas A. Intra- and interrater reliability of ultrasound assessment of gastric volume. Anesthesiology. 2014 Jul;121(1):46-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24595113
  9. Van de Putte P, Perlas A. Gastric sonography in the severely obese surgical patient: a feasibility study. Anesth Analg. 2014 Nov; 119(5):1105-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25054584
  10. Kruisselbrink R, Arzola C, Jackson T, Okrainec A et al. Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in severely obese individuals: a validation study. Br J Anaesth. 2017 Jan;118(1): 77-82. doi: 10.1093/bja/aew400.
  11. Dupont G, Gavory J, Lambert P et al. Ultrasonographic gastric volume before unplanned surgery. Anaesthesia. 2017 Sep;72(9):1112-1116. doi: 10.1111/anae.13963.
  12. Ohashi Y, Walker JC, Zhang F et al. Preoperative gastric residual volumes in fasted patients measured by bedside ultrasound: a prospective observational study. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2018 Nov;46(6):608-613.
  13. Carmona BM, Almeida CCA, Vieira WB et al. Ultrasound dynamics of gastric content volumes after the ingestion of coconut water or a meat sandwich. A randomized controlled crossover study in healthy volunteers. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2018 Nov - Dec;68(6):584-590. doi: 10.1016/j.bjan.2018.06.008.
  14. Kruisselbrink R, Gharapetian A, Chaparro LE et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-Care Gastric Ultrasound. Anesth Analg. 2019 Jan;128(1):89-95. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003372.
  15. Bouvet L, Zieleskiewicz L, Loubradou E et al. Rea CAR'Echo collaborative networks. Reliability of gastric suctioning compared with ultrasound assessment of residual gastric volume: a prospective multicentre cohort study. Anaesthesia. 2020 Mar;75(3):323-330. doi: 10.1111/anae.14915.
  16. Chang JE, Kim H, Won D, Lee JM, Jung JY, Min SW, Hwang JY. Ultrasound assessment of gastric content in fasted patients before elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective observational single-cohort study. Can J Anaesth. 2020 Jul;67(7):810-816. doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01668-7.
  17. Tacken MCT, van Leest TAJ, van de Putte P, Keijzer C, Perlas A. Ultrasound assessment of gastric volumes of thick fluids: Validating a prediction model. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2021 Dec 1;38(12):1223-1229. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001465. PMID: 33606419.

Paediatrics

  1. Tomomasa T, Tabata M, Nako Y, Kaneko H, Morikawa A. Ultrasonographic assessment of intragastric volume in neonates: factors affecting the relationship between intragastric volume and antral cross-sectional area. Pediatr Radiol. 1996 Nov; 26 (11): 815-820. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8929384
  2. Schmitz A, Thomas S, Melanie F, Rabia L, Klaghofer R, Weiss M, Kellenberger C. Ultrasonographic gastric antral area and gastric contents volume in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012 Feb;22(2):144-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21999211
  3. Spencer A, Lardner D, Walker A, Yeung A, Yee K, Mulvey J, Perlas A. Ultrasound Assessment of gastric volume in the pediatric patient: Development of a predictive model. Pediatric Anesthesia. 2015 Jan; 25:301-308. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25495405
  4. Horowitz R, Cico SJ, Bailitz J. Point-of-care Ultrasound: A New Tool for the Identification of Gastric Foreign Bodies in Children? J Emerg Med. 2016 Jan;50(1):99-103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26409678
  5. Song IK, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Kim EH, Kim JT, Kim HS. Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in children after drinking carbohydrate-containing fluids. Br J Anaesth. 2016 Apr;116(4):513-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26994229
  6. Gagey AC, de Queiroz Siqueira M, Desgranges FP, Combet S, Naulin C, Chassard D, Bouvet L. Ultrasound assessment of the gastric contents for the guidance of the anaesthetic strategy in infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a prospective cohort study. Br J Anaesth. 2016 May;116(5):649-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27106968
  7. Horowitz R, Cico SJ, Bailitz J.  Point-of-care Ultrasound: A New Tool for the Identification of Gastric Foreign Bodies in Children? J Emerg Med. 2016 Jan; 50(1): 99-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.07.022.
  8. Schmitz A, Schmidt AR, Buehler PK et al.  Gastric ultrasound as a preoperative bedside test for residual gastric contents volume in children.    Paediat Anaesth. 2016 Dec; 26 (12):1157-1164. doi: 10.1111/pan.12993.
  9. Yamamoto M, Koyama T, Agata M et al.  Diagnosis of Ingested Foreign Body in the Stomach by Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Upright and Slightly Forward Tilting Position (Bowing Position). Pediatr Emerg Care. 2017 Apr 4. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001125.
  10. Gagey AC, de Queiroz Siqueira M, Monard C et al. The effect of pre-operative gastric ultrasound examination on the choice of general anaesthetic induction technique for non-elective paediatric surgery. A prospective cohort study. Anaesthesia. 2018 Mar;73(3):304-312. doi: 10.1111/anae.14179.
  11. Andersson H, Frykholm P. Gastric content assessed with gastric ultrasound in paediatric patients prescribed a light breakfast prior to general anaesthesia: A prospective observational study. Paediatr Anaesth. 2019 Dec;29(12):1173-1178. doi: 10.1111/pan.13755.
  12. Miller AF, Levy JA, Krauss BS et al. Does Point-of-Care Gastric Ultrasound Correlate With Reported Fasting Time? Pediatr Emerg Care. 2020 Jan 6. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001997.
  13. McLaughlin C, Austin T, Gilbertson L, Karlik J. Gastric ultrasound to assess gastric volume for 1-h NPO times. Paediatr Anaesth. 2022 May;32(5):685-686. doi: 10.1111/pan.14409. PMID: 35122703.
  14. Evain JN, Allain T, Dilworth K, Bertrand B, Rabattu PY, Mortamet G, Desgranges FP, Bouvet L, Payen JF. Ultrasound assessment of gastric contents in children before general anaesthesia for acute appendicitis. Anaesthesia. 2022 Jun;77(6):668-673. doi: 10.1111/anae.15707. PMID: 35319093.
  15. Adler AC, Matisoff AJ, DiNardo JA, Miller-Hance WC. Point-of-care ultrasound in pediatric anesthesia: perioperative considerations. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2020 Jun;33(3):343-353. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000852. PMID: 32324662.
  16. Kim EH, Yoon HC, Lee JH, Kim HS, Jang YE, Ji SH, Cho SA, Kim JT. Prediction of gastric fluid volume by ultrasonography in infants undergoing general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Aug;127(2):275-280. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.03.039. PMID: 34045064.
  17. Miller AF, Levy JA, Krauss BS, Gravel CA, Vieira RL, Neuman MI, Monuteaux MC, Rempell RG. Does Point-of-Care Gastric Ultrasound Correlate With Reported Fasting Time? Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021 Dec 1;37(12):e1265-e1269. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001997. PMID: 31913246.
  18. Yamaguchi Y, Zadora SP, Flahive C, Russo JM, Maves GS, Moharir A, Tobias JD. Point-of-Care Gastric Ultrasound in a Pediatric Patient After Bowel Preparation: A Case Report. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2020 Jul 2;13:245-248. doi: 10.2147/CEG.S254793. PMID: 32753928; PMCID: PMC7342330.

Obstetric

  1. Wong CA, Loffredi M, Ganchiff JN, Zhao J, Wang Z, Avram MJ. Gastric emptying of water in term pregnancy. Anesthesiology. 2002 Jun; 96 (6): 1395-400.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12170052
  2. Wong CA, McCarthy RJ, Fitzgerald PC, Raikoff K, Avram MJ. Gastric emptying of water in obese pregnant women at term. Anesth Analg. 2007 Sep; 105 (3): 751-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717235
  3. Arzola C, Cubillos J, Perlas A, Downey K, Carvalho J. Inter-rater reliability and agreement of qualitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content in the third trimester of pregnancy. British Journal of Anesthesia. 2014 Dec; 113(6):1018-1023. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25080428
  4. Barboni E, Mancinelli P, Bitossi U, DE Gaudio AR, Micaglio M, Sorbi F, DI Filippo A. Ultrasound evaluation of the stomach and gastric emptying in pregnant women at term: a case-control study. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016 May;82(5):543-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26554613
  5. Jay L, Zieleskiewicz L, Desgranges FP, Cogniat B, Pop M, Boucher P, Bellon A, Léone M, Chassard D, Bouvet L. Determination of a cut-off value of antral area measured in the supine position for the fast diagnosis of an empty stomach in the parturient: A prospective cohort study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2016 Jun. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27259094
  6. Kinsella SM. Position, position, position - terminology during stomach ultrasound in pregnant women. Anaesthesia. 2016 Nov;71(11):1264-1267. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27561597
  7. Rouget C, Chassard D, Bonnard C, Pop M, Desgranges FP, Bouvet L.Changes in qualitative and quantitative ultrasound assessment of the gastric antrum before and after elective caesarean section in term pregnant women: a prospective cohort study. Anaesthesia. 2016 Nov;71(11):1284-1290. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27561371
  8. Bataille A, Rousset J, Marret E et al. Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastric content during labour under epidural analgesia: a prospective cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2014; 112:703–7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet435.
  9. Zieleskiewicz L, Boghossian MC, Delmas AC et al. Ultrasonographic measurement of antral area for estimating gastric fluid volume in parturients. Br J Anaesth 2016; 117(2):198-205. 10.1093/bja/aew171.
  10. Jay L, Zieleskiewicz L, Desgranges FP et al. Determination of a cut-off value of antral area measured in the supine position for the fast diagnosis of an empty stomach in the parturient: A prospective cohort study. Eur J Anaesth 2017, 34(3):150-157. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000488.
  11. Arzola C, Perlas A, Siddiqui N.T. et al. Gastric ultrasound in the third trimester of pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial to develop a predictive model of volume assessment. Anaesthesia. 2018 Mar;73(3):295-303. doi: 10.1111/anae.14131.
  12. Hakak S, McCaul CL, Crowley L.Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastric contents in term pregnant women fasted for six hours. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2018 May;34:15-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2018.01.004. 
  13. Roukhomovsky M, Zieleskiewicz L, Diaz A et al. Ultrasound examination of the antrum to predict gastric content volume in the third trimester of pregnancy as assessed by MRI: A prospective cohort study. Eur J Anaest 2018, 35(5):379-389. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000749.
  14. Van de Putte P, Vernieuwe L, Perlas A.Term pregnant patients have similar gastric volume to non-pregnant females: a single-centre cohort study. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Jan;122(1):79-85. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.07.025.
  15. Desgranges FP, Simonin M, Barnoud S et al. Prevalence and prediction of higher estimated gastric content in parturients at full cervical dilatation: A prospective cohort study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2019 Jan;63(1):27-33. doi: 10.1111/aas.13220.
  16. Amaral CK, Benevides ML, Benevides MM et al. Ultrasound assessment of gastric antrum in term pregnant women before elective cesarean section. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2019 May - Jun;69(3):266-271. doi: 10.1016/j.bjan.2019.03.001. 
  17. Nascimento AC, Goveia CS, Guimarães GMN et al. Assessment of gastric emptying of maltodextrin, coffee with milk and orange juice during labour at term using point of care ultrasound: a non-inferiority randomised clinical trial. Anaesthesia. 2019 Jul;74(7):856-861. doi: 10.1111/anae.14671.
  18. Popivanov P, Irwin R, Walsh M et al. Gastric emptying of carbohydrate drinks in term parturients before elective caesarean delivery: an observational study. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2020 Feb;41:29-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.07.010.
  19. Irwin R, Gyawali I, Kennedy B et al. An ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying following tea with milk in pregnancy: A randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2020 Apr;37(4):303-308. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001129.
  20. Sherwin M, Katz D. Using gastric ultrasound to assess gastric content in the pregnant patient. BJA Educ. 2021 Nov;21(11):404-407. doi: 10.1016/j.bjae.2021.08.001. PMID: 34707884; PMCID: PMC8520039.
  21. Yuan X, Zhou RH, Liu HL, Ye L, Luo H. Women with advanced maternal age have gastric volume similar to that of non-pregnant women: A prospective pilot study using preoperative gastric ultrasound. J Clin Anesth. 2021 Sep;72:110270. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2021.110270. PMID: 33848825.
  22. Desgranges FP, Zieleskiewicz L, Chassard D, Bouvet L. Semi-quantitative ultrasound grading system to discriminate between low and high gastric fluid volume in third-trimester pregnant women. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Aug;127(2):e65-e67. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.04.020. PMID: 34090683.
  23. Bouvet L, Schulz T, Piana F, Desgranges FP, Chassard D. Pregnancy and Labor Epidural Effects on Gastric Emptying: A Prospective Comparative Study. Anesthesiology. 2022 Apr 1;136(4):542-550. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004133. Erratum in: Anesthesiology. 2022 Feb 25;: PMID: 35103759.

Case report

  1. Koenig SJ, Lakticova V, Mayo PH. Utility of ultrasonography for detection of gastric fluid during urgent endotracheal intubation. Intensive Care Med 2011 Apr; 37 (4) :627-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21287147
  2. Van de Putte P. Bedside gastric ultrasonography to guide anesthetic management in a nonfasted emergency patient. J Clin Anesth. 2013 Mar; 25(2):165-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23333787
  3. Tampo A, Suzuki A, Ijiri E, Kunisawa T, Iwasaki H. Preanesthetic gastric assessment with sonography for a patient with a full stomach. J Clin Anesth. 2013 Mar; 25(2):164-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23333780
  4. Stach O, Starczewska MH, Kański A. Usability of ultrasound assessment of gastric content. Case reports. J Ultrason. 2014 Dec;14(59):442-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26673924
  5. Alakkad H, Kruisselbrink R, Chin KJ, Niazi AU, Abbas S, Chan VW, Perlas A. Point-of-care ultrasound defines gastric content and changes the anesthetic management of elective surgical patients who have not followed fasting instructions: a prospective case series. Can J Anaesth. 2015 Nov;62(11):1188-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26239668
  6. Bouvet L, Boselli E, Cheere E, Stewart A, Allaouchiche B, Chassard D. Ultrasound Assessment of the Prokinetic Effect of Erythromycin in Trauma Patients with a Full Stomach: A Case Series. Anesth Analg. 2016 Apr;122(4):1108-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26859878
  7. Sebrechts T, Perlas A, Abbas S, Van de Putte P. Serial Gastric Ultrasound to Evaluate Gastric Emptying After Prokinetic Therapy With Domperidone and Erythromycin in a Surgical Patient With a Full Stomach: A Case Report. A A Pract. 2018 Aug 15;11(4):106-108. doi: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000755.
  8. Falyar CR, Kantzavelos L. Clinical Application of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Gastric Examination in the Management of an ASA Class 3E Patient: A Case Report. AANA J. 2018 Oct;86(5):379-382.
  9. Pai SL, Bojaxhi E, Logvinov II, Porter SB, Feinglass NG, Robards CB, Torp KD. Ultrasound Assessment of Gastric Volume After Bariatric Surgery: A Case Report. A A Pract. 2019 Jan 1;12(1):1-4. doi: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000824.
  10. Boretsky KR, Perlas A. Gastric Ultrasound Imaging to Direct Perioperative Care in Pediatric Patients: A Report of 2 Cases. A A Pract. 2019 Dec 15;13(12):443-445. doi: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000001100.
  11. Yamaguchi Y, Zadora SP, Flahive C, Russo JM, Maves GS, Moharir A, Tobias JD. Point-of-Care Gastric Ultrasound in a Pediatric Patient After Bowel Preparation: A Case Report. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2020 Jul 2;13:245-248. doi: 10.2147/CEG.S254793.

Early Studies – Gastric Emptying

  1. Holt S, McDicken WN, Anderson T, Stewart IC, Heading RC. Dynamic imaging of the stomach by real-time ultrasound--a method for the study of gastric motility. Gut 1980 Jul; 21 (7): 597-601. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7429323
  2. Bateman DN, Whittingham TA. Measurement of gastric emptying by real-time ultrasound. Gut 1982 Jun; 23 (6): 524-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7076028
  3. Bolondi L, Bortolotti M, Santi V, Calletti T, Gaiani S, Labò G.Measurement of gastric emptying time by real-time ultrasonography. Gastroenterology 1985 Oct;89(4):752-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3896910
  4. Soreide E, Hausken T, Soreide J, Steen P. Gastric emptying of a light hospital breakfast. A study using real time ultrasonography. Acta Anesthesiol Scand 1996; 40: 549-553. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8792883
  5. Darwiche G, Almér LO, Björgell O, Cederholm C, Nilsson P. Measurement of gastric emptying by standardized real-time ultrasonography in healthy subjects and diabetic patients. J Ultrasound Med. 1999 Oct; 18 (10): 673-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10511299

Intensive Care / Emergency Medicine

  1. Hamada SR, Garcon P, Ronot M et al.  Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in critically ill patients.  Intensive Care Med. 2014 Jul; 40 (7): 965-72. doi: 10.1007/s00134-014-3320-x.
  2. Sharma V, Gudivada D, Gueret R et al. Ultrasound-Assessed Gastric Antral Area Correlates With Aspirated Tube Feed Volume in Enterally Fed Critically Ill Patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 2017 Apr;32(2):206-211. doi: 10.1177/0884533616681530.
  3. Leviter J, Steele DW, Constantine E et al. “Full Stomach" Despite the Wait: Point-of-care Gastric Ultrasound at the Time of Procedural Sedation in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Acad Emerg Med. 2019 Jul;26(7):752-760. doi: 10.1111/acem.13651. 
  4. Soe-Loek-Mooi S, Tjahjadi N, Perlas A et al. Ultrasound to assess gastric content and fluid volume: new kid on the block for aspiration risk assessment in critically ill patients? Neth J Crit Care January 2019;27(1): 6 -13.
  5. Yaseen M, Kumar A, Bhoi S, Sinha TP, Jamshed N, Aggarwal P, Murmu LR, Ekka M. Point-of-care ultrasonography-assisted nasogastric tube placement in the emergency department: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Emerg Med. 2022 Jul 14. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000962. PMID: 35834792.
  6. Moake MM, Jackson BF, Presley BC. Point-of-Care Ultrasound to Assess Gastric Content. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2020 Aug;36(8):404-410. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001939. PMID: 31738302.
  7. Moake MM, Presley BC, Hill JG, Wolf BJ, Kane ID, Busch CE, Jackson BF. Point-of-Care Ultrasound to Assess Gastric Content in Pediatric Emergency Department Procedural Sedation Patients. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2022 Jan 1;38(1):e178-e186. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000002198. PMID: 32769837; PMCID: PMC7854775.

Diabetes

  1. Zhou L, Yang Y, Yang L et al. Point-of-care ultrasound defines gastric content in elective surgical patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2019 Oct 10;19(1):179. doi: 10.1186/s12871-019-0848-x.
  2. Sabry R, Hasanin A, Refaat S et al. Evaluation of gastric residual volume in fasting diabetic patients using gastric ultrasound. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2019 May;63(5):615-619. doi: 10.1111/aas.13315.
  3. Rousset J, Coppere Z, Vallee A, Ma S, Clariot S, Burey J, Adjavon S, Devys JM, Quesnel C, Fischler M, Bonnet F, LE Guen M. Ultrasound assessment of the gastric content among diabetic and non-diabetic patients before elective surgery: a prospective multicenter study. Minerva Anestesiol. 2022 Jan-Feb;88(1-2):23-31. doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.21.15603-2. PMID: 35224955.
  4. Xiao MZX, Englesakis M, Perlas A. Gastric content and perioperative pulmonary aspiration in patients with diabetes mellitus: a scoping review. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Aug;127(2):224-235. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.04.008. PMID: 34023055.

Education

  1. Arzola C, Carvalho JC, Cubillos J, Ye XY, Perlas A. Anesthesiologists' learning curves for bedside qualitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content: a cohort study. Can J Anaesth. 2013 Aug; 60(8):771-9.
  2. Perlas A, Van de Putte P, Van Houwe P, Chan VW. I-AIM framework for point-of-care gastric ultrasound. Br.J Anaesth. 2016 Jan;116(1):7-11.


Doctoral thesis on gastric ultrasound

 

  1. Bouvet Lionel, Lyon, France. Détermination et optimisation du contenu gastrique en anesthésie. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01158738/document
  2. Van de Putte Peter, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Point-of-Care Gastric Ultrasound. An aspiration risk assessment tool. https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/202624/202624.pdf?sequence=1
  3. Andersson Hannah, Uppsala, Sweden. Reduced preoperative fasting in children. http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1358031&dswid=5386

Where to learn gastric PoCUS?


The ideal scenario contains


Many major congresses
Offer gastric PoCUS as part of or PoCUS course e.g. ISURA, ESRA, ASRA, ESA, ...

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  • Have an interesting case to share where gastric ultrasound made a difference to you or your patient?
  • Selected cases will be posted
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  • Please, mail your cases to edu@gastricultrasound.org